1) 焦?fàn)t自動(dòng)加熱控制技術(shù)

　　1) Automatic Heating Control Technology for Coke Oven

　　技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：針對(duì)焦?fàn)t加熱過程調(diào)控復(fù)雜、加熱煤氣消耗量大、碳排放高、氮氧化物生成多等難題，應(yīng)用煉焦過程智能測(cè)溫加熱控制、焦?fàn)t邊火道熱工控制、煉焦終溫反饋調(diào)節(jié)及焦?fàn)t源頭減氮控制技術(shù)，可有效解決焦?fàn)t人工控溫火道測(cè)控精度差、調(diào)節(jié)滯后的問題，實(shí)現(xiàn)焦餅中心溫度遠(yuǎn)程自動(dòng)準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量控制，降低焦?fàn)t煙氣氮氧化物排放。應(yīng)用情況：技術(shù)在鞍鋼等多家鋼鐵企業(yè)推廣應(yīng)用。以1000萬噸焦炭產(chǎn)能為例，年可節(jié)省標(biāo)煤約6.2萬噸、1357噸NOx、1561噸SO2。

　　Technical Introduction: In response to the complex control of the heating process in coke ovens, high consumption of heating gas, high carbon emissions, and the generation of multiple nitrogen oxides, intelligent temperature measurement and heating control, thermal control of the coke oven side flue, feedback adjustment of the final temperature of coke oven, and nitrogen reduction control technology at the source of coke oven are applied to effectively solve the problems of poor measurement and control accuracy and lagging adjustment of manual temperature control flue gas in coke ovens. This enables remote automatic and accurate measurement and control of the center temperature of coke cake, reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from coke oven flue gas. Application situation: The technology has been promoted and applied in multiple steel enterprises such as Ansteel. Taking the production capacity of 10 million tons of coke as an example, it can save about 62000 tons of standard coal, 1357 tons of NOx, and 1561 tons of SO2 annually.

　　2) 焦?fàn)t炭化室壓力自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：根據(jù)每孔炭化室煤氣發(fā)生量變化，實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)橋管水封閥盤的開度，實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)結(jié)焦周期內(nèi)炭化室壓力調(diào)節(jié)，避免在裝煤和結(jié)焦初期因炭化室壓力過大產(chǎn)生煤氣及煙塵外泄，并減少炭化室內(nèi)荒煤氣竄漏至燃燒室，實(shí)現(xiàn)裝煤煙塵治理和焦?fàn)t壓力穩(wěn)定。同時(shí)技術(shù)可調(diào)控壓力避免吸入空氣造成能耗上升。應(yīng)用情況：技術(shù)在多家鋼鐵企業(yè)應(yīng)用?？蓪?shí)現(xiàn)煉焦耗熱量降低2%以上，減少炭化室壓力波動(dòng)造成焦?fàn)t冒煙、炭化室爐墻竄漏以及煙塵逸散等環(huán)境問題，工序能耗下降 2~4kgce/t-焦。

　　2) Introduction to Automatic Pressure Adjustment Technology for Coke Oven Carbonization Chamber: Based on the changes in the amount of gas generated in each hole of the carbonization chamber, the opening of the bridge tube water seal valve disc is adjusted in real time to achieve pressure adjustment of the carbonization chamber throughout the coking cycle. This avoids the leakage of coal gas and smoke due to excessive pressure in the carbonization chamber during coal loading and early coking, and reduces the leakage of raw gas from the carbonization chamber to the combustion chamber, achieving coal loading smoke control and coke oven pressure stability. At the same time, technology can regulate pressure to avoid energy consumption increase caused by inhaling air. Application situation: The technology has been applied in multiple steel enterprises. It can achieve a reduction of more than 2% in coking heat consumption, reduce environmental problems such as coke oven smoke, wall leakage, and smoke emission caused by pressure fluctuations in the carbonization chamber, and reduce process energy consumption by 2-4 kgce/t coke.

　　3) 焦?fàn)t用關(guān)鍵功能耐火材料及應(yīng)用技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：包括“表面復(fù)合陶瓷成型技術(shù)、高導(dǎo)熱硅質(zhì)材料制備技術(shù)及窯爐熱修補(bǔ)技術(shù)”等系列技術(shù)。表面復(fù)合陶瓷成型技術(shù)應(yīng)用實(shí)現(xiàn)焦?fàn)t爐門結(jié)構(gòu)大型化，表面光滑，解決了原用小型磚材料的結(jié)構(gòu)不穩(wěn)定，密封不嚴(yán)氣體外溢的環(huán)境污染問題。高導(dǎo)熱硅磚替代傳統(tǒng)的硅磚耐火材料，導(dǎo)熱效率顯著提高，提高炭化室硅磚的導(dǎo)熱性，并保持了其他良好的物理化學(xué)性能。應(yīng)用情況：相關(guān)技術(shù)在寶鋼、鞍鋼等多家企業(yè)應(yīng)用。以某鋼4座50孔的焦?fàn)t為例，應(yīng)用高導(dǎo)熱硅磚材料，熱效率可提高5%。

　　3) Introduction to key functional refractory materials and application technologies for coke ovens: including a series of technologies such as "surface composite ceramic forming technology, high thermal conductivity silicon material preparation technology, and kiln thermal repair technology". The application of surface composite ceramic forming technology realizes the large-scale structure of coke oven doors, with smooth surfaces, solving the environmental pollution problems caused by unstable structure and inadequate sealing of small brick materials. High thermal conductivity silica bricks replace traditional silica brick refractory materials, significantly improving thermal conductivity efficiency, enhancing the thermal conductivity of carbonization chamber silica bricks, and maintaining other good physical and chemical properties. Application situation: Relevant technologies have been applied in multiple enterprises such as Baosteel and Ansteel. Taking four 50 hole coke ovens of a certain steel as an example, the application of high thermal conductivity silica brick material can increase thermal efficiency by 5%.

　　4) 焦?fàn)t上升管荒煤氣余熱高效回收技術(shù)技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：將原有的焦?fàn)t上升管替換為上升管換熱器，約800℃的荒煤氣流過上升管換熱器將熱量傳遞給強(qiáng)制循環(huán)的傳熱媒介，例如循環(huán)水、導(dǎo)熱油，生產(chǎn)飽和蒸汽、過熱蒸汽、高溫導(dǎo)熱油輸送至熱用戶利用，實(shí)現(xiàn)荒煤氣余熱回收。應(yīng)用情況：焦?fàn)t上升管回收荒煤氣余熱技術(shù)已在寶鋼、首鋼、包鋼、韓國(guó)現(xiàn)代鋼鐵等一批大型企業(yè)，百余座焦?fàn)t上得到應(yīng)用。以某鋼企焦化廠生產(chǎn)低壓飽和蒸汽為例，噸焦產(chǎn)蒸汽量達(dá)80kg以上，工序能耗降低 7kgce/t-焦以上。該技術(shù)尚有改善空間。

　　4) Introduction to the high-efficiency recovery technology of waste heat from coke oven riser: The original coke oven riser is replaced with a riser heat exchanger, and the waste gas at about 800 ℃ flows through the riser heat exchanger to transfer heat to the forced circulation heat transfer medium, such as circulating water and heat transfer oil, to produce saturated steam, superheated steam, and high-temperature heat transfer oil, which are transported to heat users for utilization, achieving waste heat recovery from coke oven riser. Application situation: The technology of recovering waste heat from raw gas through coke oven riser has been applied in a number of large enterprises such as Baosteel, Shougang, Baosteel, and Hyundai Steel in South Korea, with over a hundred coke ovens. Taking the production of low-pressure saturated steam in a coking plant of a certain steel enterprise as an example, the steam production per ton of coke reaches over 80kg, and the process energy consumption is reduced by more than 7kgce/t-coke. There is still room for improvement in this technology.

　　5) 初冷器上段換熱回收荒煤氣低溫余熱技術(shù)技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：將傳統(tǒng)兩段橫管式結(jié)構(gòu)初冷器設(shè)計(jì)成三段換熱，分別是上段，中段和下段，供水分別是熱水、循環(huán)水和低溫水。熱水是來自于制冷機(jī)組或通風(fēng)采暖設(shè)施，溫度63~65℃，泵送至初冷器上段，吸收荒煤氣的熱量后溫度升高至73~75℃，后經(jīng)管路送至制冷機(jī)組或通風(fēng)采暖設(shè)施，荒煤氣從81℃降溫至79~75℃。荒煤氣進(jìn)一步通過初冷器中段和下段被降溫至約 21℃。該技術(shù)可在絕大部分的新建焦化企業(yè)內(nèi)進(jìn)行推廣運(yùn)用。應(yīng)用情況：在山西立恒焦化、銅陵泰富、新泰正大焦化等企業(yè)應(yīng)用。以年產(chǎn)100萬噸焦炭為例，余熱回收折合低壓蒸汽量為1.20 萬~1.80萬噸，并顯著節(jié)約循環(huán)水用量。

　　5) Introduction to the technology of recovering low-temperature waste heat from raw gas through heat exchange in the upper section of the primary cooler: The traditional two-stage transverse tube structure primary cooler is designed as a three-stage heat exchange system, consisting of an upper section, a middle section, and a lower section, with hot water, circulating water, and low-temperature water supplied respectively. Hot water comes from refrigeration units or ventilation and heating facilities, with a temperature of 63-65 ℃. It is pumped to the upper section of the primary cooler, where it absorbs the heat from the raw gas and rises to 73-75 ℃. It is then sent through pipelines to refrigeration units or ventilation and heating facilities, where the raw gas is cooled from 81 ℃ to 79-75 ℃. The raw gas is further cooled to about 21 ℃ through the middle and lower sections of the primary cooler. This technology can be promoted and applied in the vast majority of newly built coking enterprises. Application: Applied in enterprises such as Shanxi Liheng Coking, Tongling Taifu, and Xintai Zhengda Coking. Taking the annual production of 1 million tons of coke as an example, the waste heat recovery is equivalent to 12000 to 18000 tons of low-pressure steam, and significantly saves the amount of circulating water used.

　　6) 焦?fàn)t煙道廢氣余熱回收工藝技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：焦?fàn)t煙氣進(jìn)入余熱鍋爐換熱后排入煙囪，產(chǎn)生低壓蒸汽。輔助設(shè)備布置在鍋爐下方節(jié)省占地，引風(fēng)機(jī)根據(jù)主煙道壓力變頻，給水二沖量自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，汽包液位穩(wěn)定，汽包壓力自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，蒸汽壓力穩(wěn)定，換熱器采用翅片管+熱管式避免低溫腐蝕。應(yīng)用情況：噸焦可產(chǎn)0.6MPa飽和蒸汽 0.05~0.1t，投資回收年≤2年。噸焦減少CO2約15.5kg、SO2約0.5kg、NOX約0.24kg、煙塵約4.5kg。7) 干熄焦高溫超高壓/超高溫超高壓再熱鍋爐發(fā)電技術(shù)技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：在干熄焦余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中加入中間一次再熱系統(tǒng)，利用進(jìn)入干熄焦鍋爐的高溫循環(huán)氣體的高品位熱能，提高整體循環(huán)熱效率。此技術(shù)的中間一次再熱系統(tǒng)是利用鍋爐產(chǎn)生的新蒸汽在汽輪機(jī)內(nèi)高壓缸膨脹做功后，高壓排汽進(jìn)入到鍋爐的再熱器中，提高再熱蒸汽的過熱溫度，再熱蒸汽出口溫度與主蒸汽溫度相當(dāng)，然后將高溫的再熱蒸汽送到汽輪機(jī)低壓缸中繼續(xù)膨脹做功。高溫超高壓/超高溫超高壓加中間一次再熱汽輪機(jī)的內(nèi)效率高，熱力系統(tǒng)熱效率高，中間再熱技術(shù)同時(shí)提升汽輪機(jī)末級(jí)葉片干度及機(jī)組穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，本項(xiàng)技術(shù)可充分利用干熄焦余熱，提高余熱發(fā)電經(jīng)濟(jì)性。應(yīng)用情況：綜合發(fā)電效率相比同規(guī)模高溫高壓（9.8Mpa，540℃）發(fā)電機(jī)組提升 0~13%。以某廠干熄焦處理能力210t/h的項(xiàng)目為例，年發(fā)電時(shí)間 8000小時(shí)，年發(fā)電量增加3360萬 kW·h 以上，年節(jié)約標(biāo)煤約0.413萬噸；年發(fā)電收益增加1680萬元(按0.5 元/kW·h計(jì)算)。

　　6) Introduction to the technology of recovering waste heat from coke oven flue gas: The coke oven flue gas enters the waste heat boiler for heat exchange and is discharged into the chimney, producing low-pressure steam. The auxiliary equipment is arranged below the boiler to save space. The induced draft fan is variable frequency according to the main flue pressure, and the water supply second impulse is automatically adjusted. The steam drum liquid level is stable, the steam drum pressure is automatically adjusted, and the steam pressure is stable. The heat exchanger adopts a finned tube+heat pipe type to avoid low-temperature corrosion. Application scenario: Each ton of coke can produce 0.6MPa saturated steam of 0.05~0.1t, with an investment payback period of ≤ 2 years. The reduction of CO2 by about 15.5kg, SO2 by about 0.5kg, NOX by about 0.24kg, and smoke by about 4.5kg per ton of coke. 7) Introduction to the power generation technology of dry quenching high-temperature ultra-high pressure/ultra-high temperature ultra-high pressure reheating boiler: Adding an intermediate reheating system to the dry quenching waste heat power generation system, utilizing the high-grade thermal energy of the high-temperature circulating gas entering the dry quenching boiler, and improving the overall circulation thermal efficiency. The intermediate reheating system of this technology utilizes the new steam generated by the boiler to expand and do work in the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine. The high-pressure exhaust steam enters the reheater of the boiler to increase the superheated temperature of the reheated steam. The outlet temperature of the reheated steam is equivalent to the main steam temperature, and then the high-temperature reheated steam is sent to the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to continue expanding and doing work. The high temperature and ultra-high pressure/ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure combined with intermediate reheating turbine has high internal efficiency and thermal system thermal efficiency. The intermediate reheating technology simultaneously improves the dryness of the last stage blades of the turbine and the stable operation of the unit. This technology can fully utilize the waste heat from dry quenching and improve the economic efficiency of waste heat power generation. Application scenario: The comprehensive power generation efficiency is improved by 0-13% compared to high-temperature and high-pressure (9.8Mpa, 540 ℃) generator sets of the same scale. Taking a project with a dry quenching capacity of 210t/h in a certain factory as an example, the annual power generation time is 8000 hours, the annual power generation increases by more than 33.6 million kW · h, and the annual savings of standard coal are about 0.413 million tons; The annual power generation revenue increased by 16.8 million yuan (calculated at 0.5 yuan/kW · h).

　　8) 焦?fàn)t循環(huán)氨水余熱回收技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：焦?fàn)t循環(huán)氨水溫度達(dá)70~80℃，循環(huán)量與余熱資源量大。通過溴化鋰制冷機(jī)組以水為制冷劑，溴化鋰水溶液為吸收劑，利用水在高真空條件下低沸點(diǎn)汽化特征，回收循環(huán)氨水熱量實(shí)現(xiàn)制冷。應(yīng)用情況：行業(yè)應(yīng)用比例約10%，降低工序能耗0.5~1kgce/t-焦。

　　8) Introduction to the technology of recovering waste heat from circulating ammonia water in coke ovens: The temperature of circulating ammonia water in coke ovens reaches 70-80 ℃, and the circulation volume and waste heat resources are large. By using water as the refrigerant and lithium bromide aqueous solution as the absorbent in a lithium bromide refrigeration unit, the low boiling point vaporization characteristics of water under high vacuum conditions are utilized to recover the heat of circulating ammonia water for refrigeration. Application situation: The industry application ratio is about 10%, reducing process energy consumption by 0.5-1kgce/t coke.

　　9) 節(jié)能熱泵蒸氨技術(shù)技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：采用第二類吸收式熱泵機(jī)組替代常規(guī)蒸氨分縮器，回收蒸氨塔塔頂氨汽的潛熱，并進(jìn)行溫度提質(zhì)后加熱循環(huán)熱水，用于加熱塔底廢水作為部分熱源給蒸氨塔供熱，減少蒸汽消耗。與常規(guī)蒸氨工藝相比，熱泵蒸氨工藝用熱泵機(jī)組、熱水再沸器、循環(huán)熱水泵、汽液分離器、氨水回流泵，以及膨脹槽等組成的塔頂余熱回收系統(tǒng)和氨水回流系統(tǒng)代替常規(guī)蒸氨工藝的分縮器。應(yīng)用情況：較之目前眾多焦化企業(yè)的常規(guī)蒸氨，該技術(shù)減少約41%的低壓蒸汽消耗，減少約13%的循環(huán)水用量。

　　9) Introduction to energy-saving heat pump ammonia distillation technology: The second type of absorption heat pump unit is used to replace the conventional ammonia distillation condenser, recover the latent heat of ammonia vapor at the top of the ammonia distillation tower, and heat the circulating hot water after temperature upgrading. It is used to heat the wastewater at the bottom of the tower as part of the heat source to supply heat to the ammonia distillation tower, reducing steam consumption. Compared with the conventional ammonia distillation process, the heat pump ammonia distillation process uses a tower top waste heat recovery system and ammonia reflux system composed of a heat pump unit, a hot water reboiler, a circulating hot water pump, a vapor-liquid separator, an ammonia reflux pump, and an expansion tank to replace the condenser of the conventional ammonia distillation process. Application situation: Compared with the conventional ammonia distillation in many coking enterprises, this technology reduces low-pressure steam consumption by about 41% and circulating water consumption by about 13%.

　　10)蒸汽法負(fù)壓粗苯蒸餾技術(shù)技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介：負(fù)壓粗苯蒸餾技術(shù)，是通過真空裝置維持脫苯塔內(nèi)負(fù)壓，以降低溶液中各組分的沸點(diǎn)，從而達(dá)到降低蒸餾溫度、減少熱量消耗的目的，同時(shí)采取優(yōu)化粗苯操作參數(shù)、改進(jìn)脫苯塔塔盤型式，能夠有效解決焦化粗苯蒸汽耗量高的難題，節(jié)能降耗明顯。應(yīng)用情況：可較正壓粗苯蒸餾工藝節(jié)省50%的低壓蒸汽消耗、25%的循環(huán)水用量，運(yùn)行成本降低16%。

　　10) Introduction to steam method negative pressure crude benzene distillation technology: Negative pressure crude benzene distillation technology maintains negative pressure in the benzene removal tower through a vacuum device to reduce the boiling points of various components in the solution, thereby achieving the goal of reducing distillation temperature and heat consumption. At the same time, optimizing the operating parameters of crude benzene and improving the tray type of the benzene removal tower can effectively solve the problem of high steam consumption of coking crude benzene, and save energy and reduce consumption significantly. Application situation: It can save 50% of low-pressure steam consumption and 25% of circulating water consumption compared to the positive pressure crude benzene distillation process, and reduce operating costs by 16%.

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